Document Type : Original Article
Highlights
New products / services, in addition to creating employment and economic prosperity, can give each country a special power that results from its particular monopoly. Although many inventors and innovators do not have much academic literacy, the production of innovative products / services has a scientific basis. The superpowers are now turning monopolies on certain technologies into tools of pressure to impose their demands on other countries, and this shows the importance of science-based products. Therefore, governments around the world have pursued a policy of supporting knowledge-based companies in order to contribute to the country's economic prosperity by developing important products / services. In our country, the law on the protection of knowledge-based companies was adopted somewhat later than expected in 2010 and the definition of these companies according to Article 1 of the same law was that "knowledge-based companies and institutions are private companies or cooperatives or cooperatives that Development of knowledge-based economy, realization of scientific and economic goals (including expansion and application of inventions and innovations) and commercialization of research and development results (including design and production of goods and services) in the field of high technologies and value-added, especially in software production "It will happen." Despite legislation requiring the government to support knowledge-based companies, these protections did not meet the expectations of the innovators, and large numbers of experts emigrated abroad each year. If the desired effect is not achieved in the correct legislative situation; Several modes are conceivable. First, legislation has its drawbacks. Second, administrative inconsistencies neutralize the supportive effect. Third, due to the lack of infrastructure, it is not possible to enforce the law. In this study, the second possibility, which is administrative inconsistency, has been investigated.
There are different opinions about supporting the creation of original works. Some argue that the government should support any innovative initiative. Others, on the other hand, argue that not every innovative project can be commercialized, leaving the government only obliged to support useful projects. The second idea is more popular, as a small percentage of innovative designs become commercially profitable.
Another aspect of supporting knowledge-based companies is risk-free partnerships, which are provided with financial assistance to these companies. According to the first idea about helping knowledge-based companies, the necessary financial resources should be provided for any innovative project, and this investment will eventually lead to the birth of a high-yield project. This type of financing is a kind of grants, and unlike accelerators that operate in the form of partnerships, the funds are spent on a non-profit basis in line with government objectives. Financing can not be gratuitous and can be paid in the form of facilities to activists in this field. Due to the non-profit nature of these types of expenses, the Science and Technology Park is administratively directly responsible for this important issue, which uses the government resources at its disposal to finance knowledge-based companies. It is noteworthy, however, that no mention of gratuitous aid is mentioned in the ICC, and facilities are mainly mentioned. This means that the government is focusing on providing facilities to knowledge-based companies, and therefore the procedure for granting grants is not clear. Articles 7 to 13 of the Executive Regulations of the Law on the Protection of Companies and Institutions of Knowledge-Based Institutions and the Commercialization of Innovations and Inventions, adopted in 2012, refer in part to gratuitous aid, but it is understood that the granting of such aid is subject to full assurance. These companies do not receive any grants and are only granted facilities during this legal period.
To solve this challenge, it is necessary to first change the special custodian of corporate scoring to specialized business custodians. Secondly, research points should not be awarded at the expense of the ownership of the accelerator company, and the amount of successful acceleration should be a criterion for granting facilities and points.
Therefore, the model of Turkey can be used and accelerator companies can be considered as "partners" and not "subordinates" of the Science and Technology Park. Priority should be given to the facilities of science and technology park centers with knowledge-based companies, and in case of providing some facilities such as offices to accelerator companies, its free cost will be calculated. In this way, the government's allocated resources are spent directly on knowledge-based companies, and at the same time, due to the lack of special benefits for accelerator companies, the ground for their better cooperation is provided.
The bottom line is that the legislative aspects of the policy support for knowledge-based companies are weak and the implementation of these laws is not compatible with the current infrastructure. At the same time, in the silence of the law, administrative inconsistencies have been evident, which in general has led to the sterility of government protection policies against knowledge-based companies. Therefore, in order for these institutions to move directly in the direction of supporting knowledge-based companies, it is necessary to create basic and legitimate incentives for these companies. Given that the coordination of all executive departments is done by the government as the highest executive body, it is necessary to establish coordination between different institutions to accurately implement support for knowledge-based companies, which is possible only by government orders. Based on the discussions, the following suggestions are made:
