Document Type : Original Article
Highlights
Essentials of an effective state; case study of the
Neo liberal State
Effectiveness as an interdisciplinary concept is a characteristic that the government institution, as a point of departure in the knowledge of public law, guarantees its legitimacy and stability and ensures the satisfaction of its citizens. Since the roadmap of a government is determined by the goals set in the political theory that supports it, studying the coordinates of that theory will be the key to finding its effectiveness requirements, which in the present research, for a more accurate understanding and objective examination. Moreover, the theory of neoliberalism has been analyzed as one of the latest theoretical achievements of thinkers in the field of public law and studies related to governance. In this analytical-descriptive study, which was written based on documentary data, the authors are looking for an answer to the question, "What is the concept of effectiveness in the field of state and what are its characteristics in the theory of modern liberalism?" Respect for the principles of democracy and human rights, respect for civil society, social solidarity and respect for ethnic diversity, the rule of law, political rationality and the primacy of public interests, commitment to a free, competitive and global economy, the purposeful and moderating role of the government in public affairs and dynamic, transparent and monitorable political and economic institutions are prominent components in the state's strategies based on the theory of modern liberalism, which help it in realizing its goals and responding practically to the expectations of citizens.
The pervasive wave of democracy in the world has changed the expectations of the government. If from the early simple governments (which even some thinkers refrain from giving them the name of government and consider the emergence of the government as a step towards modernity) only the minimal provision of necessary public affairs was expected, today it is about regulating the most complex political, economic, social and cultural relationships at both national and international levels are the expectations of the citizens of the modern state as the owners of the fundamental right to self-determination, from the efficiency of the government officials who are elected by them and are required to obey their will, be fulfilled.
But what are the coordinates and characteristics of this modern government, which is closely related to modernity? This state, which was formed to create order and ensure freedom, first requires a stable human community that is created in a specific place and time, it must have independent and relatively permanent political institutions and attract more loyalty to the family, population or a religious organization to establish its institutional superiority. Its field of operation is wide and within the framework of public interest, it has the means of applying force exclusively within the framework of certain boundaries, a body distinct from the ruler and his government subjects, which has minimal support and legitimacy from the citizens and is independent.
In addition to these features, the modern government needs tools to express itself, which include judicial independence, legislation, rule of law, hierarchy of norms, sovereignty and legal personality; Machiavelli emphasizes the importance of powerful and efficient institutions, and Poggi points out the necessity of separation of powers, universal suffrage, and most importantly, the theory of law and government. The modern state is in accordance with the needs of modernity, so the relationship of governance before modernity cannot be compared with it; unlike traditional governments, the modern government is a completely new phenomenon whose theoretical foundations were formed in the middle Ages, and its first form is the absolute government.
Logically, in order to study the components of an efficient government, its theoretical support must first be examined so that the main problem, the alleged solutions and goals, and the proposed roadmap to achieve these goals are determined from the perspective of that theory, and finally, the performance of the government based on the theory's strategies. Its content should be put in the crucible of criticism and evaluation. A political theory tries to present a comprehensive picture to its audience by placing politics in a broad perspective, and with a combined descriptive and normative insight, it provides a theoretical, philosophical, logical and practical framework that can discover "logic Inside" any kind of macro-orientation, whether it is in the field of politics, economy, society, education, or ethics.
Studying the concept of efficiency and its interpretation in the modern liberal government teaches us that a government can guarantee the satisfaction of its citizens and its survival along with its legitimacy, which commits its constituent mechanisms and institutions to the goals of political theory, organize itself and at the same time, don't be afraid to modify its strategies and approaches in the face of possible challenges and failures; This flexible and moderate nature showed its effectiveness in the theory of neoliberalism, which, despite relying on the values of traditional liberalism, was sensitive to the political and economic crises of the society, and by correcting some trends and not being rigid and blocking the theory, It adapted to the needs of the society and prevented the induction of a sense of inefficiency among the public and the elite society.
Many individual talents that are scattered at all levels of a modern neoliberal dependent society do not owe their success solely to their genius, but they have developed from the institutional frameworks in the society and at the same time have caused their own growth and the economic prosperity of the entire state. In the United States of America, the efficiency of the basic structures and institutions of society, such as the progressive and development-oriented educational system, equips the elites of the society with a unique set of skills as a supplement and complement to their inherent talent; Compliance with the principles of democracy and human rights, recognition of ethnic diversity and respect for social solidarity, political rationality and the priority of public interests along with efficient economic institutions and mechanisms of the United States made it possible for such people to easily and without facing obstacles and Unnecessary government interference, establish a company and develop their business; The competitive and dynamic labor market of America made it possible for them to hire qualified employees and craftsmen by observing the merit-selection principle and gave them the possibility to expand their companies and product markets; Entrepreneurs in this country are confident from the beginning that it is possible to realize their dream projects in the political and economic context of modern, flexible and balanced American liberalism. They trust the stability and continuity of the institutions and the power arising from them, and in a word, the rule of law in their country, and they are not worried about the security of their property rights, and they are not afraid of overnight disruption of the rules of the game, confiscation of wealth, imprisonment, and they don't have their lives and savings under threat. They have no doubt that no hidden government that has its own interests can divert the macro direction of the government towards disastrous economic and political policies, because the political structure that relies on the framework of a reasonable theory, it is formed in such a way that the political power of the government is proportionately, balanced and moderated and distributed and restrained at a wide level, and finally, efficient institutions that create motivation for economic success and public satisfaction, find a chance to emerge.
