The Journal of Modern Research on Administrative Law

The Journal of Modern Research on Administrative Law

The State's International Commitments to Provide Items and Prepare Methods for Preventing, Controlling and Dealing with Emerging Epidemic Diseases with an Emphasis on the Spread of the Covid-19 Virus

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Ph.D. student in Public International Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/mral.2023.2012691.1522
Abstract
The Corona or Covid-19 crisis, which started in China in November 2019 and quickly affected the world, raised important questions regarding the responsibility of the governments involved in this crisis. One of the most important of these issues was determining the rules of behavior of governments in dealing with this crisis in order to prevent, control and counter to protect the rights of citizens and other governments. The principle of the duty of governments to adopt "due effort" against crises is one of the rules governing the behavior of governments in fulfilling their international obligations. Although the content of this principle as one of the behavioral norms of governments to protect the rights of "others" is not a new issue, with all these characteristics of this crisis, it should be considered in its implementation. In this research, using the descriptive and analytical method based on documentary studies with the tool of taking receipts, the international obligations of the government to provide items and prepare methods of prevention, control and dealing with epidemic diseases, including covid-19, are scrutinized, analyzed and It has been investigated and as a result of the findings, it is stated that the governments have the duty to take the necessary measures such as legislation and within the framework of their resources and facilities, the necessary preparations and grounds for the realization of human rights and the enjoyment of people's rights. to provide
Keywords
Subjects

ابراهیم‌گل، علی‌رضا، مسئولیت بینالمللی دولت (متن و شرح مواد کمیسیون حقوق بینالملل)، تهران: شهر دانش،
حسینی‌اکبرنژاد، هاله، ماهیت تعهدات حقوق بشری در نظام بینالمللی، تهران: شهر دانش، چاپ اول،
زمانی، سید قاسم، حقوق سازمانهای بین‌المللی (شخصیت، مسئولیت، مصونیت)، تهران: شهر دانش، 1387.
نواری، علی، کووید 19 و تعهدات بین‌المللی دولت‌ها در قبال کنترل بیماری‌های عالم‌گیر، تهران: مرکز ملی تحقیقات حقوق سلامت، 1398.
ب) مقاله
زاهدی، مهدی و زهرا محمودی کردی، «حفاظت از سلامت در پرتو مقررات موافقت‌نامه اقدامات بهداشتی و بهداشت گیاهی»، فصل‌نامه حقوق پزشکی، سال دهم، شماره 39، زمستان 1395.
زمانی، سید قاسم، «شبیه‌سازی درمانی و حق بر سلامتی در قلمرو حقوق بین‌الملل بشر»، فصل‌نامه علمی حقوق عمومی، 1385، صص۳۰-۳۱.
شیروی، عبدالحسین و اعظم انصاری، «نقش افکار عمومی در اعمال قواعد موافقت‌نامه اعمال اقدامات بهداشتی و بهداشت گیاهی»، فصل‌نامه دیدگاه‌های حقوق قضایی، شماره 66، تابستان 1393.
ج) پایان‌نامه
زارعی، مرتضی، «بررسی ابعاد حقوقی حق بر سلامت به عنوان یکی از مصادیق حقوق بشر»، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته حقوق بشر، دانشگاه تهران، 1389.
 
2.Latin Source
A) Book
Jones, Norman Howard, The Scientific Background of the International Sanitary Conferences 1851-1938, Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975.
Fidler, David, P., International Law and Infectious Diseases, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1999.
B) Article
Aginam, Obijiofor, “International Law and Communicable Diseases”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80 (12), 2012, 946-951.
Annuaire de la Commission du droit international, 1998, Vol. II, partie 1.
Cárdenas, Fabián, “El derecho internacional en tiempo de coronavirus, el Espectador”, (2020), available in:www.elespectador.com/coronavirus.
Carvalho, Simon and Mark Zacher, “The International Health Regulations in Historical Perspective”, in Plagues and Politics: Infectious Disease and International Policy, Edited by Andrew T. Price-Smith, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2001, 235-261.
Cassella, Sarah, “Les travaux de la Commission du droit international sur laresponsabilité internationale et le standard de due diligence”, in: Le standard de due diligence et la responsabilité internationale; Journée d’études franco-italienne du Mans, Société française pour le droit international, Éditions A, Pedone: Paris, 2018.
Cassella, Sarah, “Obligation étatique de protection de la santé face au risque global de pandémie: ce que dit le droit international”, (2020), available in: leclubdesjuristes.com/blog-du-coronavirus.
Coco, Antonio and de Souza Dias, Talita, “Prevent, Respond, Cooperate: States’ Due Diligence Duties vis-à-vis the COVID-19 Pandemic”, (May 7, 2020), Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies (Forthcoming), available in: SSRN: www.ssrn.com/abstract=3626627 or dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3626627.
Coco, Antonio and Tolita de Souza Días, “Due Diligence and COVID-19: States Duties to Prevent and Halt the Coronavirus Outbreak”, March 24, (2020), EJIL TALKS, available at:www.ejiltalk.org/part-i-due-diligence-and-covid-19.
Donoghue v. Stevenson, U.K., The Law Reports of House of Lords, Privacy Council, London, 1932.
Fidler, David, P., “Public Health and International Law: The Impact of Infectious Diseases on the Formation of International Legal Regimes, 1800- 2000”, in: Plagues and Politics: Infectious Disease and International Policy, Edited by: Andrew T. Price-Smith, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2001, 262-284.
Fouad, Rana Moustafa, “The Legal Duty to Cooperate amid Covid-19: A Missed Opportunity?”, EJIL TALK, 22 April (2020), available at: ejiltalk.org/the-legal-duty-to-cooperate-amid-covid-19-a-missed-opportunity.
Gostin, Lawrence O., “International Infectious Disease Law: Revision of the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations”, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.291, 2623-2627.
Holshue, Michelle L. et al., “First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States”, The new england journal of medicine, 382, 2020, pp. 929-936.
Kaempfer, William H. and Lowenberg, Anton D., The Political Economy of Economic Sanctions, Handbook of Defense Economics, Vol. 2, 2007.
Larraín, Joaquin Barcelo et. al., “Estudios en honor de Juvenal Hernández”, Corporación cultural Rector Juvenal Hernandez, Santiago de Chile, 2001.
Littman, R. J. and M. L. Littman, “Galen and the Antonine Plague”, The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 94, No. 3 (Autumn, 1973), 243-255.
Mamoudy, Olga, “Le droit national confronté à la pandémie”, Colloque virtuel Droit et Coronavirus, débats du 31 mars, (2020), available in:www.youtube.com/watch
Ouedraogo, Awalou, “La due diligence en droit international: de la règle de la neutralité au principe général”, Revue générale de droit,. Volume 42, 2012.
Park, Ki-Gab, Law on Natural Disasters: From Cooperation to Solidarity?, in: Eyal Benvenisti (ed.) et al., Community Interests Across International Law, Oxford University Press, 2018.
Potts, Helen, “Accountability and the Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health”, University of Essex, Human Rights Centre, 2007.
Verheyen, Roda, Climate Change Damage and International Law: Prevention Duties and States Responsibility (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers(, 2005.
Villarreal, Pedro A., COVID-19 Symposium: “States’ Obligations Under the International Health Regulations in Light of COVID-19”, Opinio Juris, 31 March (2020), available at: opiniojuris.org/2020/03/31/covid-19-symposium-can-they-really-do-that-states-obligations.
Volume 6, Issue 21
Sixth year, 21th issue, ّwinter 2025
Winter 2025
Pages 351-383

  • Receive Date 02 October 2023
  • Revise Date 17 December 2023
  • Accept Date 26 December 2023