Document Type : Original Article
Highlights
Good E-governance and open Government Theory: a legal Approach
The concept of governance is perhaps as old as the long history of human life. Different definitions of governance have been proposed, each of them has been proposed from a special point of view, which may not be claimed to present these definitions.
Governance is traditionally defined as a process through which the political system is able to achieve values such as accountability, participation, openness (transparency) and respect for the role of the law and therefore the bureaucratic process. The definition given by the World Bank of governance is the implementation of political power and the use of institutional resources to manage social affairs.
Good governance is considered to be the effective management of the economic and social resources of a country. In such a way that such management is transparent, responsive, predictable and open
By using this definition, the border between governance and other similar concepts such as management can be determined.
Governance as a concept specifies that power exists inside and outside official authority and government institutions. Therefore, governance includes three main groups of actors, which are government, private sector and civil society.
- the nature of electronic governance and its special function in the development of good governance
Some have considered electronic governance to be equivalent to digital governance. which is the digital implementation of the administration of government affairs or the digital form of public governance. Electronic governance includes decision-making and decision-making and implementation of decisions. E-governance was widely considered for reforming, modernizing and improving the performance and efficiency of governments and using new methods to increase the efficiency of governments.The use of e-governance in different countries, especially in developed countries, has been very fast. Nowadays, many countries use e-governance to enable them to increase efficiency, increase transparency, gain more income and facilitate the reform of the public sector.
E-governance, having a set of unique features in governance and their application in managing society and managing public affairs, plays an incomparable role in realizing "good electronic governance" or "electronic governance".
The privileges of e-governance
Through online transactions, access to government sector information becomes easier and interaction with government institutions becomes less troublesome. This capability will definitely change the way of providing government services and increase the efficiency of executive bodies Reducing administrative corruption, improving service delivery, increasing accountability, facilitating administrative processes, reducing operational costs for businesses, increasing income, reducing costs and saving the budget.
History, theoretical concept and functional goals of electronic government
The history of the emergence of electronic government can be related to the emergence of computers and computing tools in government institutions that played a role in public affairs. After the transformation of governance, from the traditional government to the electronic government, we are witnessing a change in the governance pattern in the present era. Some believe that the electronic government was formed from Britain and by creating a technical support unit in telecommunication services. In today's era, the emergence of newer types such as "mobile government", "state 1.0" and "state 2.0" and perhaps the newest version of it is the smart government or "state 3.0", all accompanied by the government with technology and adaptability. It emphasizes the progressive process of information technology.
Theoretical conceptualization of electronic government
The World Bank writes in the epistemology of electronic government: "The use of communication technologies by government agents (such as wide networks, the Internet and mobile computing) that can change relations with citizens, the private sector, or other elements of the government. Also, the definition that the working group of e-government in the developing world gave of e-government: "Using information and communication technologies in order to promote an efficient and effective government, facilitate the availability of government services, the possibility of maximum public access to information and greater accountability." Government to citizens. In simple terms, "e-government is the use of technology in order to facilitate and improve the quality of access and delivery of government services to citizens, business partners and employees." It is also given in another definition that: "e-government, as In general, it is the use of information technology in the public sector. In this definition, it also covers various and broad aspects of management: from macro level strategy to tactical details; From the technical details of data circulation and process mapping to the political aspects of electronic government.
Functional goals of electronic government
A- Electronicization of service delivery B-Electronic voting C- Electrification of productivity D-Electronic circulation
A conceptual approach to open government
"The platform that the Internet provides for access and use of government information" has attracted the attention of many researchers and political activists. The government again refers to the concept of "the role of the use of new technologies in political management."
It was raised for the first time in the 2008 United States presidential election. Although this concept started in America and a little time has passed since the concept of open government, many governments in the world have paid attention to the idea of open government. In England, my community initiative is one of the services that provides the possibility of simple communication between citizens and government officials and has created a platform to solve the problems of their place of residence. According to the authors, open government is a government in which citizens not only have access to government data, documents and procedures, but also have the opportunity to actively participate in administrative and political affairs. .
Characteristics of open government
The platform that the open government creates in the society, on the one hand, gives the confidence to the citizens, companies, employees and government agents to review and evaluate all aspects of the methods implemented in the government and government services. It is possible and people's monitoring of them will be effective
A-Transparency, B-participation C-responsiveness D-Efficiency
