The collective responsibility approach is theoretically based on the fact that some risks have a social aspect and their effects and consequences are not limited to a person or a few groups of people. Rather, it targets and affects the entire human society. Therefore, it is logical that all those who are affected in some way by environmental damage can participate in the process of compensating for the damages incurred. It can be said that the collective responsibility approach also seeks to determine how to distribute responsibility among the causes of the damage. In further explanation and explanation, it can be said that collective responsibility refers to the population that has been harmed by committing environmentally harmful behaviors. However, collective responsibility refers to a group that can or has been able to harm the environment, potentially or actually. Therefore, if we also take the concepts and principles of environmental criminal law as a basis, collective responsibility has a victimological approach, but collective responsibility has a criminalistic approach. The purpose of collective responsibility is to involve all those who have been harmed by environmental damage or criminal behavior in the process of compensating for environmental damage. However, the purpose of collective responsibility is to involve all those who have committed environmental damage or criminal behavior in the process of distributing responsibility and requiring compensation. This approach has now been incorporated into the laws of various countries, including Iran. European Union law also has a brilliant history regarding this concept.